The blog of a dedicated radio amateur and electronics enthusiast

"Having fun on the air and in the workshop - communicating and creating"

01 July 2025

Low Pass Filter for the 2190m Long-Wave band

๐Ÿ”˜It has been a while since I last made some equipment for my amateur radio station; according to this blog that was on๐Ÿ“… 8.10.2023.
It is only a small accessory. However, the purpose of the filter described here is to improve the spectral purity of the output signal from my low power RF amplifier ( ๐Ÿ“…22.02.2013 ), for the LF 135.7-137.8KHz 2190m longwave ๐Ÿ—ผamateur radio band, when being driven from the phasing-exciter (๐Ÿ“… 23.01.2024 ).
The filter family is the Chebychev low-pass type, having 50 Ohm input/output impedance, and a theoretical response of 5dB passband ripple, bandwidth 160KHz, and insertion loss better than 0.3dB between 135.8KHz and 140.9KHz; essentially a single section, 3-pole, low-pass, ๐žน-filter.
Schematic diagram of the filter
The input is connected to the low power RF amplifier, and the output to the antenna ๐Ÿ—ผvia any swr/power meter. Input and output are interchangeable as the filter is symmetrical and bi-directional.
The completed filter - cover removed

I designed the ribbed ( grooved ) coil former ( just visible, lower centre in the above image ) for the precise coil length, coil diameter and wire thickness required, and made it from dark-grey PETG filament on a 3D printer. Two capacitors connected in parallel are required at both the input and output terminations to obtain the correct overall value. The enclosure chosen is a two piece U-section aluminium box. I didn't remove it's outer blue protective film.

The filter was connected to the amplifier and tested at ∿ 136.130KHz, modulated with an audio ๐Ÿ‘‚tone of 1400Hz ∿ by interfacing with my DdsModTerm software (๐Ÿ“… 31.12.2024 & 27.03.2025 ). A spectral plot, ( purple: vertical - amplitude dBVrms, horizontal - frequency Hz ), of the output signal ( see image below ) was displayed on an oscilloscope.
Spectral plot (purple) of the signal at the filter output 
The line 'cursor A' was placed across the top of the signal with the largest amplitude of +15.6dBV, i.e., the main carrier signal of 136.13KHz located at the centre of the display. The line 'cursor B' was placed across the top of the next largest signal of -27.2dBV; an unwanted  spurious distortion signal that has been generated at approximately 3x the carrier frequency i.e., 420KHz. The difference in amplitude of these two signals is 42.8dBV. All the other spurious signals are more than 42.8dB down on the wanted carrier. Without the filter the unwanted distortion products were much higher in level. So the filter has made a considerable improvement. I am very pleased with the result !

The yellow waveform is the output signal versus ๐Ÿ• time. The amplitude is 20.5V peak to peak. This equates to an output power of just 1 watt. It will be interesting to see what can be achieved when transmitting at this power level regarding๐Ÿ“ป reception distance๐ŸŒ. To find out, I shall have to wait until the ❄winter when propagation conditions on the 2190m band are most favourable. ๐Ÿ”˜

27 March 2025

More features for DdsModTerm software

๐Ÿ”˜I have added some important new functionality to my DDS programming software, "DdsModTerm", ( see ๐Ÿ“…31 December 2024 ); updated to version 1.0.0.rev16. It is now possible to generate audio ๐Ÿ‘‚frequencies, as well as program the AD9850 and AD9851 DDS chips, using one application. For example, the 'Phasing Exciter' ( see 'featured post' in side-bar, ๐Ÿ“… 02.11.2017 & 23.12.2024 ) requires both audio frequencies (๐Ÿ‘‚AF) and radio frequencies (๐Ÿ“ปRF). So having the same software able to generate both is very convenient while carrying out testing, alignment, and repair tasks. This has required some changes to the lower half of the program window, (see image below, click to enlarge, compare with ๐Ÿ“… 31.12.2024).

Audio tones can be generated from the lower-right panel 
The audio ๐Ÿ‘‚ tones are produced entirely independently of the DDS. Free downloads of audio .wav files are available online. I chose files of single frequency sine-waves ∿; 1200Hz, 1400Hz, 1500Hz & 1600Hz being best suited to the data transmission modes I use on the 472-479KHz amateur band. I imported these files  as resources into the DdsModTerm software, and wrote some code so that the tones are played back through the ๐Ÿ’ป pc sound-card ๐Ÿ”Šby clicking the appropriate button. The individual .wav files are quite small ( about 1.3Mb ) and playback duration ⏳is only 15 seconds. I added a second progress bar to track the playback, and a button to play back in a continuous loop, if preferred.
While the software was being revised, this opportunity was also used to calculate another pair of alias frequencies  ( for 2 x ๐Ÿ•’clock ), and make some minor cosmetic changes to the window's appearance.๐Ÿ”˜

Free .wav files downloaded from ๐Ÿ”— OnLineSound  with thanks.
DDS = Direct Digital Synthesiser
AD9850 & AD9851 are Analog Devices Inc. parts.